Conserved Cell Types With Divergent Features in Human Versus Mouse Cortex

Elucidating the cellular architecture of the human cerebral cortex is central to understanding our cognitive abilities and susceptibility to disease. Here we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis to perform a comprehensive study of cell types in the middle temporal gyrus of human cortex. We identified a highly diverse set of excitatory and inhibitory neuron types that are mostly sparse, with excitatory types being less layer-restricted than expected. Comparison to similar mouse cortex single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets revealed a surprisingly well-conserved cellular architecture that enables matching of homologous types and predictions of properties of human cell types. Despite this general conservation, we also found extensive differences between homologous human and mouse cell types, including marked alterations in proportions, laminar distributions, gene expression and morphology. These species-specific features emphasize the importance of directly studying human brain.

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@article{ bib:2019_divergent_cell_types,
    author = {Rebecca D Hodge and Trygve E Bakken and Jeremy A Miller and Kimberly A Smith and Eliza R Barkan and Lucas T Graybuck and Jennie L Close and Brian Long and Osnat Penn and Zizhen Yao and Jeroen Eggermont and Thomas H{\"o}llt and Boaz P Levi and Soraya I Shehata and Brian Aevermann and Allison Beller and Darren Bertagnolli and Krissy Brouner and Tamara Casper and Charles Cobbs and Rachel Dalley and Nick Dee and Song-Lin Ding and Richard G Ellenbogen and Olivia Fong and Emma Garren and Jeff Goldy and Ryder P Gwinn and Daniel Hirschstein and C Dirk Keene and Mohamed Keshk and Andrew L Ko and Kanan Lathia and Ahmed Mahfouz and Zoe Maltzer and Medea McGraw and Thuc Nghi Nguyen and Julie Nyhus and Jeffrey G Ojemann and Aaron Oldre and Sheana Parry and Shannon Reynolds and Christine Rimorin and Nadiya V Shapovalova and Saroja Somasundaram and Aaron Szafer and Elliot R Thomsen and Michael Tieu and Richard H Scheuermann and Rafael Yuste and Susan M Sunkin and Boudewijn Lelieveldt and David Feng and Lydia Ng and Amy Bernard and Michael Hawrylycz and John Phillips and Bosiljka Tasic and Hongkui Zeng and Allan R Jones and Christof Koch and Ed S Lein},
    title = { Conserved Cell Types With Divergent Features in Human Versus Mouse Cortex },
    journal = { Nature },
    volume = { 573 },
    pages = { 61 -- 68 },
    year = { 2019 },
    doi = { 10.1038/s41586-019-1506-7 },
}